In a memorandum, what does the abbreviation 'Id.' refer to?

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Multiple Choice

In a memorandum, what does the abbreviation 'Id.' refer to?

Id. is a shorthand that points back to the authority cited immediately before. It tells the reader that the current citation refers to the same source as the one just cited, so you don’t have to repeat the full citation. If you want to reference a specific page within that same source, you can add a pinpoint, like “Id. at 123.” It’s not signaling a separate parallel citation or a later edition, and it relies on the immediately preceding authority for clarity.

Id. is a shorthand that points back to the authority cited immediately before. It tells the reader that the current citation refers to the same source as the one just cited, so you don’t have to repeat the full citation. If you want to reference a specific page within that same source, you can add a pinpoint, like “Id. at 123.” It’s not signaling a separate parallel citation or a later edition, and it relies on the immediately preceding authority for clarity.

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