What does the abbreviation 'Id.' signify in legal citations?

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Multiple Choice

What does the abbreviation 'Id.' signify in legal citations?

In legal citations, Id. is a shorthand cross-reference meaning that you are citing the same source as the immediately preceding full citation. It stands for idem and is used to avoid repeating the full reference. You can add a pinpoint, like Id. at 120, to refer to a different page within that same source. Key point: Id. refers only to the very last citation you just made. If you’ve inserted another source in between, Id. would point to that most recent source, not the earlier one, and you’d need to re-cite if you want to return to the earlier authority. It’s not about continuing the same author or about parallel citations; it’s a precise cross-reference to the immediately preceding citation.

In legal citations, Id. is a shorthand cross-reference meaning that you are citing the same source as the immediately preceding full citation. It stands for idem and is used to avoid repeating the full reference. You can add a pinpoint, like Id. at 120, to refer to a different page within that same source.

Key point: Id. refers only to the very last citation you just made. If you’ve inserted another source in between, Id. would point to that most recent source, not the earlier one, and you’d need to re-cite if you want to return to the earlier authority.

It’s not about continuing the same author or about parallel citations; it’s a precise cross-reference to the immediately preceding citation.

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